| <p><br>'''DATE MILESTONE PERSON(S) LOCATION REGION'''<br>1617 Napier's Bones Napier Edinburgh, Scotland 8<br>1621 Slide rule Oughtred Albury, England 8<br>1623 Mechanical Calculator Schichard Tuebingen, Germany 8<br>1642 advanced calculator Pascal Paris, France 8<br>1671 reliable calculator Liebniz Mainz, Germany 8<br>1729 discovery of conduction Gray London 8<br>1746 Leyden jar Unknown Leyden, Netherlands 8<br>1790 galvanism Galvani Bologna, Italy 8<br>1808 arc lighting Davy London, England 8<br>1810 electrolytic telegraph von SommerinMunich, Germany 8<br>1819 discovery of current/ magnetic Oersted Denmark 8<br>1824 electromagnet Sturgeon London, England 8<br>1824 galvanometer Ampere Paris, France 8<br>1824 thermocouple Seebech Berlin, Germany 8<br>1828 electric motor Henry Albany, NY, USA 1<br>1828 microphone Wheatstone London, England 8<br>1828 Ohm's law/resistance Ohm Cologne, Germany 8<br>1830 bimetallic thermostat Ure Glasgow, Scotland 8<br>1831 discovery of induction Faraday London, England 8<br>1833 difference engine Babbage Cambridge, England 8<br>1833 electric telegraph key Gauss/Weber Goettingen, Germany 8<br>1834 early electric light Lindsay Dundee, Scotland 8<br>1834 electric telegraph Cooke&WheatsLondon, England 8<br>1837 Analytical engine Babbage London, England 8<br>1837 practical electric motor Davenport Rutland, VT,USA 1<br>1840 electroplating Wright Birmingham, England 8<br>1840 first "program" Ada Augusta London, England 8<br>1844 Washington-Baltimore telegraph Morse Maryland, USA 2<br>1844 Washington-Baltimore telegraph Morse Maryland, USA 2<br>1850 Kirchoff's laws Kirchoff Koenigsberg, Germany 8<br>1854 electric loom Bonelli Turin, Italy 8<br>1854 printing telegraph Hughes Kentucky, USA 3<br>1856 shuttle-wound armature von Siemens Berlin, Germany 8<br>1859 discovery of cathode rays Pluker Bonn, Germany 8<br>1859 storage battery Plante France 8<br>1860 arc welding Wilde London 8<br>1863 early generator Paccinotti Italy 8<br>1868 primary dry cell Leclanche France 8<br>1873 dc generator/lighthouses Gramme Belgium 8<br>1874 early electric car Salomans Kent, England 8<br>1875 electric dental drill Green Kalamazoo, MI, USA 4<br>1875 quadruplex telegraphy Edison New Jersey, USA 1<br>1877 dynamic microphone Curtis&ReddiBoston 1<br>1877 dynamic microphone Siemens Germany 8<br>1877 resistance welding Thompson Philadelphia, PA,USA 2<br>1877 telephone switchboard Holmes Boston, MA, USA 1<br>1878 alternator Gramme&FontaFrance 8<br>1878 alternator Siemens Germany 8<br>1879 commercial use of arc-lighting Brush Cleveland, OH, USA 2<br>1879 incandescant lamp Edison Menlo Park, NJ, USA 1<br>1880 Contributions of Lewis Latimer Latimer New York 1<br>1880 early hydroelectric site numerous Grand Rapids, MI, USA 4<br>1880 first electrically lit town numerous Wabash, Indiana 4<br>1881 commercial music over wire Cahill Holyoke, Mass., USA 1<br>1881 solar-powered pump Adams Bombay, India 10<br>1881 transformer Gaulard&GibbParis, France 8<br>1882 "Elektromote" trackless car von Siemens Halensee, Germany 8<br>1882 commercial electric fan Crocker&CurtNew York, NY, USA 1<br>1882 early hydroelectric site Brush Minneapolis,MN,USA 4<br>1882 early hydroelectric site Calder&BarreSurrey, England 8<br>1882 electric iron Seely New York, NY, USA 1<br>1882 electric mine railway von Siemens Saxony, Germany 8<br>1882 Pearl Street station Edison New York, NY,USA 1<br>1882 Vulcan street plant Edison Appleton, WI,USA 4<br>1883 Edison effect Edison New Jersey, USA 1<br>1885 magnetic circuit theory Hopkinson London, England 8<br>1885 mass production of Edison lampsThomson Lynn, MA 1<br>1886 bayonet cap light bulb Swan Newcastle-on-Tyne 8<br>1886 electric heater Burton Richmond,VA,USA 3<br>1886 electric submarine Peral Spain 8<br>1886 electrolytic reduction of alumiHall Oberlin, OH. USA 2<br>1886 electrolytic reduction of alumiHerault Paris, France 8<br>1886 First electric trolley system inumerous Montgomery,AL,USA 3<br>1886 proof/theory of electromag. wavHertz Karlsruhe, Germany 8<br>1887 electric elevator von Siemens Mannheim, Germany 8<br>1888 ac induction motor Tesla New York 1<br>1888 ac induction motor Ferraris Turin, Italy 8 </p>
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| <p>1888 Edward Weston Precision Meters, USA<br>1889 automatic telephone exchange Strowger Kansas City,MO,USA 4<br>1889 Marmelos Zero Hydro Plant numerous Minas Gerais, Brazil 9<br>1890 coherer Branly Paris, France 8<br>1890 electric motor car Morrison Demoines, Iowa 4<br>1890 high-frequency generator Thomson Chicago, USA 4<br>1890 long-distance ac transmission numerous Williamette Falls, OR 6<br>1890 Punched-card machine Holerith Washington,DC,USA 2<br>1893 Coney Island electric escalatorReno Brooklyn,NY,USA 1<br>1895 x-rays Roentgen Wuerzburg,Germany 8<br>1897 crt Braun Strausbourg,Germany 8<br>1897 electron Thomson Cambridge, England 8<br>1898 wireless power transmission Tesla New York,NY,USA 1<br>1899 loading coil Pupin AT&T 1<br>1899 magnetic recording Poulsen Denmark 8<br>1901 electric typewriter Cahill Washington,DC,USA 2<br>1901 mercury discharge lamp Cooper HewitNew York, NY, USA 1<br>1902 early broadcast StubblefieldMurphy,KY,USA 3<br>1902 oscilloscope Ryan Ithaca,NY,USA 1<br>1906 crystal detector Dunwoody&PicWashington,DC,USA 2<br>1906 crystal detector Braun Germany 8<br>1906 sound film Lauste Brixton, England 8<br>1906 telephone amplifier tube von Lieben Vienna, Austria 8<br>1906 triode De Forrest US 1<br>1907 Bell Labs founded Jewett, CartNew York, NY, USA 1<br>1907 cinema projection system Bell&Howell US 4<br>1907 upright vacuum cleaner Spangler New Berlin, OH, USA 2<br>1910 Ni-Cd battery Jungner Sweden 8<br>1910 radio direction finder Bellini&TosiBoulogne, France 8<br>1910 tungsten filament Coolidge US 1<br>1911 automobile self starter Kettering Dayton,OH,USA 2<br>1914 electric traffic light Benesch Cleveland,OH,USA 2<br>1915 1st transcontinental telephone Bell & WatsoSan Francisco 6<br>1915 2nd transcontinental telephone Bell & WatsoWashington,DC,USA 3<br>1916 radio telephone numerous Arlington, Virginia 2<br>1916 radio telephone numerous San Francisco 6<br>1917 superheterodyne Armstrong Columbia University 1<br>1917 superheterodyne Levy France 8<br>1917 VHF Marconi Wales 8<br>1918 electric refrigerator Wales et al.Detroit, US 4<br>1918 practical ac clock Warren Ashland,MA,USA 1<br>1919 neutrodyne Hazeltine Hoboken,NJ,USA 1<br>1919 permanent electrostatic fields Eguchi Japan 10<br>1921 magnetron Hall Schenectady,NY,USA 1<br>1923 PNJ Interconnection numerous Valley Forge,PA,USA 1<br>1924 stereo phonography Keller Bell Labs 1<br>1924 stereo phonography Blumlein London 8<br>1925 cinemascope Chretien France 8<br>1925 electrodynamic loudspeaker numerous Schenectady,NY,USA 1<br>1925 quartz crystal watch Numerous New York 1<br>1926 all-electric gramaphone Brunswick etChicago, USA 4<br>1926 mechanical TV/1st TV license Baird London, England 8<br>1926 South Africa lightning researchnumerous Capetown, SA 8<br>1927 1st commercial talkie (Jazz Sinnumerous Hollywood, USA 6<br>1927 all-electric juke box Harrison (WeChicago 4<br>1927 differential analyzer Bush Cambridge,MA,USA 1<br>1927 negative feedback amp Black Bell Labs 1<br>1927 pentode Holst/TellegEindhoven, Neth. 8<br>1927 pop-up toaster Strite Stillwater,MN,USA 4<br>1927 technicolor Kalmus et alCambridge,MA,USA 1<br>1928 all-electronic tv Farnsworth USA 6<br>1928 Geiger tube Geiger&MulleTuebingen, Germany 8<br>1929 coaxial cable numerous New York, NY, USA 1<br>1929 electro-encephalogram Berger Jena, Germany 8<br>1929 electron microscope Knoll&Ruska Berlin, Germany 8<br>1929 recording tape Pfleumer Austria 8<br>1930 FM Armstrong Columbia University 1<br>1931 commercial electric guitar RickenbackerLA,CA,USA 6<br>1931 crystal microphone Sawyer Cleveland Hts., OH 2<br>1931 electric razor Schick Stamford,CT,USA 1<br>1931 iconoscope Zworykin Pittsburgh,PA,USA 2<br>1932 TVA numerous Muscle Shoals, AL 3<br>1933 Wind turbine connected to grid Balaclava, Ukraine 8<br>1934 "Tone Wheel" electric organ Hammond&HaneChicago, IL, USA 4<br>1934 Diesel-electric traction Kettering Cleveland, OH, USA 2<br>1934 radio beam aerial navigation Plendl Rechlin, Germany 8<br>1935 early radar Watson-Watt London 8<br>1935 IBM mass-prod. electric typewrinumerous Endicott,NY,USA 1<br>1936 AEG "magnetophone" rec. & tape numerous Berlin, Germany 8<br>1936 Boulder Dam numerous Boulder City, NV,USA 6<br>1938 klystron Varian brothSilicon Valley 6<br>1938 Xerography Carlson New York, NY, USA 1<br>1939 1st electronic-digital computerAtanasoff&BeAmes,IA,USA 4<br>1941 Honeywell electronic autopilot numerous Minneapolis,MN,USA 4<br>1941 Grandpa's Knob Wind Turbine Putnam Grandpa's Knob, VT 1<br>1943 IBM Mark I numerous Endicott,NY,USA 1<br>1943 Naval Computing Machine lab numerous Dayton,OH,USA 2<br>1943 Rad Lab/microwave radar numerous Cambridge,MA,USA 1<br>1943 special-pupose electronic compuNewman&FloweBuckinghamshire,Eng 8<br>1946 Project Diana (ASC Electronics numerous Wall, NJ, USA 1<br>1948 Atomic clock/C-14 dating Libby Chicago,IL,USA 4<br>1948 experimental cable TV numerous Oregon, USA 6<br>1948 information theory Shannon Bell Labs, NJ 1<br>1948 LP Goldmark CBS Laboratories, New York, USA 1<br>1949 electric guitar Fender Anaheim, CA, USA 6<br>1950 Whirlwind Forrester etIBM 1<br>1951 junction transistor Shockley et New Jersey, USA 1<br>1952 Cinerama numerous New York 1<br>1952 Compiler Hopper Harvard University 1<br>1952 Magnetic core memory Wang Harvard University 1<br>1952 SAGE numerous Lincoln Labs 1<br>1952 Univac I Mauchley&EckPhiladelphia,PA,USA 2<br>1954 Electronic music synthesizer Olsen New York 1<br>1954 MASER Townes et alBell Labs 1<br>1954 Regency portable transistor radPies & Koch Indianapolis, IN, USA 4<br>1955 Shockley Lab Shockley Palo Alto, CA, USA 6<br>1956 Commercial nuclear power generanumerous Shippingport,PA,USA 2<br>1956 Fortran Backus New York, USA 1<br>1956 FORTRAN programming language Backus New York 1<br>1956 IBM comm. magnetic memory core numerous San Jose, CA, USA 6</p>
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| <p>1956 IBM 305 Random Access Method of Accounting and Control (RAMAC) System, San Jose, CA, USA 6<br>1958 TI silicon junction transistor Teal (TI) Dallas, TX, USA 5<br>1958 van Allen Belts Van Allen Ames, IA,USA 4<br>1959 point-to-point microwave radio numerous Vancouver, Canada 7<br>1959 Texaco/TR computer-controlled rnumerous Port Arthur, TX, USA 5<br>1959 tunnel diode Esaki Tokyo, Japan 10<br>1960 COBOL numerous Washington,DC,USA 2<br>1960 LASER Maimon et alNew Jersey, NY 1<br>1962 GE LED numerous Syracuse, NY,USA 1<br>1962 Implantable pacemaker Greatbach Clarence, New York 1<br>1962 Unimation industrial obot numerous Danbury, MA,USA 1<br>1963 Langmuir Lab numerous New Mexico 6<br>1964 BASIC Kurtz Hannover,NH,USA 1<br>1964 IBM 360 numerous Endicott,NY,USA 1<br>1964 Laser Holography numerous Ann Arbor,MI,USA 4<br>1964 voltage-controlled music synth.Moog Trumansburg, NY, USA 1<br>1965 PDP-8 numerous Boston, MA, USA 1<br>1966 Fiber optics numerous Corning, NY 1<br>1967 Dolby sound Dolby London, England 1<br>1968 Computer mouse Engelbart etPalo Alto, CA, USA 6<br>1970 PASCAL Wirth Zurich,Switzerland 8</p>
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