Milestones:Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969 and Milestones:SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis), 1969-1970: Difference between pages

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SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) was created at UC Berkeley as a class project in 1969-1970. It evolved to become the worldwide standard integrated circuit simulator. SPICE has been used to train many students in the intricacies of circuit simulation. SPICE and its descendants have become essential tools employed by virtually all integrated circuit designers.

The plaque may be viewed just inside the main entrance to Cory Hall at the University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cory Hall is the Electrical Engineering building at UC Berkeley and is the building where all three versions of SPICE were developed.

SPICE was the first computer program for simulating the performance of integrated circuits that was readily available to undergraduate students for study of integrated circuit design. Hundreds of graduates from UC Berkeley and other universities became the backbone of the engineering workforce that moved the US to microelectronics to industry leadership in the 1970s. Graduates of Berkeley became leaders of today's largest firms delivering design automation capabilities for advanced microelectronics.

SPICE was much more than a simple program for instructional use. It was the first to incorporate sparse matrix analysis to permit economic simulation of large circuits, adjoint analysis for sensitivity to component variations and noise, built-in device models for "first-cut" design, and a simple user interface that evolved through the transitions from punched cards to dumb terminals to sophisticated workstations. For the first time, the developers of SPICE made source code widely available, enabling others to contribute more sophisticated device models and additional analysis capabilities. These factors contributed to its dominant status in the subsequent development of both open-source and proprietary circuit simulation software.

References and Further Reading

[1] L. W. Nagel, “CANCER: Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits Excluding Radiation,” Masters Report, Dept of EECS, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, December 11, 1970.

[2] R. A. Rohrer, L. W. Nagel, R. Meyer, and L. Weber, “CANCER: Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits Excluding Radiation,” 1971 IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuit Conference, Philadelphia, PA, February 18, 1971, pp. 124-125.

[3] L. Nagel and R. Rohrer, "Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits, Excluding Radiation (CANCER)," IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, Vol SC-6, No 4, August 1971, pp. 166-182.

[4] L. W. Nagel and D. O. Pederson, “Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE),” presented at 16th Midwest Symp. on Circuit Theory, Ontario, Canada, April 12, 1973 and available as Memorandum No ERL-M382, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1973/ERL-382.pdf

[5] L. W. Nagel, “SPICE2: A Computer Program to Simulate Semiconductor Circuits,” PhD dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, May 9 1975 and available as Memorandum No ERL-M520, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1975/ERL-520.pdf.

[6] E. Cohen, “Program Reference for SPICE2,” University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo UCB/ERL M75/520, May 1975, www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1976/ERL-592.pdf.

[7] A. Vladimeriscu and S. Liu, “The Simulation of MOS Integrated Circuits Using SPICE2,” University of California, Berkeley, UCB/ERL M80/7, October 1980, www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1980/ERL-80-7.pdf.

[8] A. Vladimirescu, K. Zhang, A. R. Newton, D. O. Pederson and A. L. Sangiovanni- Vincentelli, “SPICE Version 2G User’s Guide,” Dept. of EECS, University of California, Berkeley, August 1981.

[9] T. L. Quarles, “Analysis of Performance Issues and Convergence in Circuit Simulation,” University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo UCB/ERL M89/42. April 1989, www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1980/ERL-80-7.pdf.

[10] T. L. Quarles, “SPICE3 Version 3C1 User’s Guide,” University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo UCB/ERL M89/46, April 1989, www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1989/ERL-89-46.pdf.

Letter from the site owner giving permission to place IEEE milestone plaque on the property

SPICE Milestone Support Letter
Historical references for SPICE.pdf

Proposal and Nomination

Milestone-Proposal:Birthplace of the SPICE Circuit Simulation Program, 1971

Milestone-Nomination:Birthplace of the SPICE Circuit Simulation Program, 1971

Map

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-== Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969  ==
+''SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) was created at UC Berkeley as a class project in 1969-1970. It evolved to become the worldwide standard integrated circuit simulator. SPICE has been used to train many students in the intricacies of circuit simulation. SPICE and its descendants have become essential tools employed by virtually all integrated circuit designers.''
-[[Image:Electronic Quartz wristwatch Japan.jpg|thumb]]
+'''The plaque may be viewed just inside the main entrance to Cory Hall at the University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cory Hall is the Electrical Engineering building at UC Berkeley and is the building where all three versions of SPICE were developed.'''
-[[IEEE Tokyo Section History|IEEE Tokyo Section]], Dedication: 25 November 2004&nbsp;
+SPICE was the first computer program for simulating the performance of integrated circuits that was readily available to undergraduate students for study of integrated circuit design. Hundreds of graduates from UC Berkeley and other universities became the backbone of the engineering workforce that moved the US to microelectronics to industry leadership in the 1970s. Graduates of Berkeley became leaders of today's largest firms delivering design automation capabilities for advanced microelectronics.
-''After ten years of research and development at Suwa Seikosha, a manufacturing company of Seiko Group, a team of engineers headed by Tsuneya Nakamura produced the first quartz wristwatch to be sold to the public. The Seiko Quartz-Astron 35SQ was introduced in Tokyo on December 25, 1969. Crucial elements included a quartz crystal oscillator, a hybrid [[Integrated Circuits|integrated circuit]], and a miniature stepping motor to turn the hands. It was accurate to within five seconds per month.''
+SPICE was much more than a simple program for instructional use. It was the first to incorporate sparse matrix analysis to permit economic simulation of large circuits, adjoint analysis for sensitivity to component variations and noise, built-in device models for "first-cut" design, and a simple user interface that evolved through the transitions from punched cards to dumb terminals to sophisticated workstations. For the first time, the developers of SPICE made source code widely available, enabling others to contribute more sophisticated device models and additional analysis capabilities. These factors contributed to its dominant status in the subsequent development of both open-source and proprietary circuit simulation software.
-'''The plaque can be viewed at the Seiko Institute of Horology, 3-9-7, Higashi-Mukojima, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan.'''
+== References and Further Reading ==
-The principle of quartz timekeeping had been known since Warren Marrison developed his first quartz clock in the 1920s. Research toward its practical utilization took place in Switzerland, the United States and Japan, the major task for scientists and engineers being how to miniaturize the mechanism. Among them, the development of the quartz wristwatch by the Seiko group was a pioneering work, and the following are key historic events.
+[1] L. W. Nagel, “CANCER: Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits Excluding Radiation,”
+Masters Report, Dept of EECS, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, December 11, 1970.
-. Research engineers at Seikosha factory, Suwa City, Japan, had conceived the idea of applying quartz technology to develop a new type of chronometer, and they succeeded to manufacture a practical quartz timepiece in1958 for use at a broadcasting station (CBC, Chubu Broadcasting Corporation) in Nagoya, Japan. However, it was still the size of a filing cabinet and it was obviously impossible to carry it.
+[2] R. A. Rohrer, L. W. Nagel, R. Meyer, and L. Weber, “CANCER: Computer Analysis of
+Nonlinear Circuits Excluding Radiation,” 1971 IEEE Intl Solid-State Circuit Conference,
+Philadelphia, PA, February 18, 1971, pp. 124-125.
-. In 1959, Suwa Seikosha embarked on a quartz timepiece development mission called the "59A Project". This led to the creation of the marine chronometer, a clock that became Seiko's first entry in the Neuchatel Observatory Chronometer Competition in 1963.
+[3] L. Nagel and R. Rohrer, "Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Circuits, Excluding Radiation
+(CANCER)," IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, Vol SC-6, No 4, August 1971, pp. 166-182.
-. In February 1964, a commercial version of the clock, called the crystal chronometer, was produced and it was successfully used when Seiko served as the official timing for the Tokyo Olympics that year. Subsequently other small quartz clocks were developed for the driving rooms (cockpits) of the Japanese Bullet Trains, Tokaido Shinkansen, which is also an IEEE Milestone.
+[4] L. W. Nagel and D. O. Pederson, “Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis
+(SPICE),” presented at 16th Midwest Symp. on Circuit Theory, Ontario, Canada, April 12, 1973
+and available as Memorandum No ERL-M382, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of
+Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA,
+[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1973/ERL-382.pdf]]
-. In 1967, Suwa Seikosha developed a prototype of quartz wristwatch and entered the Neuchatel Observatory competition for the first time with quartz wristwatch.
+[5] L. W. Nagel, “SPICE2: A Computer Program to Simulate Semiconductor Circuits,” PhD
+dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, May 9 1975 and available as Memorandum No
+ERL-M520, Electronics Research Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of California,
+Berkeley, CA, [[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1975/ERL-520.pdf]].
-. Eventually Suwa Seikosha took a totally new approach from consumers stand point of view to develop [[Quartz Watch|quartz watches]]. After the extensive effort of engineering team and production factory, they finally succeeded in developing a practical quartz wristwatch type 35SQ (product name: SEIKO Quartz Astron) and it was first sold by K. Hattori &amp; Co., Ltd. (present-day Seiko Corporation) on Christmas Day 1969. Within one week of the introduction, 100 18-karat gold watches had been sold, at a retail price of $1,250.
+[6] E. Cohen, “Program Reference for SPICE2,” University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo
+UCB/ERL M75/520, May 1975, [[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1976/ERL-592.pdf]].
-This quartz watch is accurate to plus or minus five&nbsp;seconds a month, or one minute per year. Its quartz crystal oscillates at a rate of 8,192 cycles per second, replaces the hairspring, the balance wheel, and the escapement in a mechanical watch. The watch’s movement has an electronic divider with an integrated circuit. It is powered by a miniature battery, which is made of silver, will last more than a year. Seiko's production and commercialization of this consumer type wristwatch stimulated the succeeding developments of both an improved and an advanced types of watches and clocks accelerating the transition from a mechanical to an electronic world, bringing a new age when everyone can hold an exact time conveniently. This was really the innovation in daily life of public and also innovation in manufacturing industry.
+[7] A. Vladimeriscu and S. Liu, “The Simulation of MOS Integrated Circuits Using SPICE2,”
+University of California, Berkeley, UCB/ERL M80/7, October 1980,
+[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1980/ERL-80-7.pdf]].
+[8] A. Vladimirescu, K. Zhang, A. R. Newton, D. O. Pederson and A. L. Sangiovanni-
+Vincentelli, “SPICE Version 2G User’s Guide,” Dept. of EECS, University of California,
+Berkeley, August 1981.
+[9] T. L. Quarles, “Analysis of Performance Issues and Convergence in Circuit Simulation,”
+University of California, Berkeley, ERL Memo UCB/ERL M89/42. April 1989,
+[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1980/ERL-80-7.pdf]].
+[10] T. L. Quarles, “SPICE3 Version 3C1 User’s Guide,” University of California, Berkeley,
+ERL Memo UCB/ERL M89/46, April 1989,
+[[www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1989/ERL-89-46.pdf]].
+== Letter from the site owner giving permission to place IEEE milestone plaque on the property ==
+[[Media:IEEE.Plaque.SPICE.pdf|SPICE Milestone Support Letter]]<br>[[Media:Historical_references_for_SPICE.pdf|Historical references for SPICE.pdf]]</p>
+== Proposal and Nomination ==
+[[Milestone-Proposal:Birthplace of the SPICE Circuit Simulation Program, 1971]]
+[[Milestone-Nomination:Birthplace of the SPICE Circuit Simulation Program, 1971]]
 == Map ==
-{{#display_map:35.713322, 139.809265~ ~ ~ ~ ~Seiko Institute of Horology, Tokyo, Japan|height=250|zoom=10|static=yes|center=35.713322, 139.809265}}
+{{#display_map:37.875131, -122.257501~ ~ ~ ~ ~University of California, Berkeley|height=250|zoom=10|static=yes|center=37.875131, -122.257501}}
-[[Category:Computing and electronics|Wristwatch]] [[Category:Oscillators|Wristwatch]]
-[[Category:Computing_and_electronics|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Computer_science|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Computing|{{PAGENAME}}]]
+[[Category:Data_systems|{{PAGENAME}}]]